AI Articles

End-to-End Android On-Device AI Model Security: From Encrypted Storage to TEE Inference

A practical walkthrough of layered protection for Android on-device AI models, from encrypted storage and hardware-backed keys to TEE inference, with engineering constraints and tradeoffs.

OpenClaw Agent Deep Dive: From Prompt Container to Schedulable Execution Unit

A systematic breakdown of the OpenClaw Agent object model, runtime state machine, Session tree, scheduling budgets, tool boundaries, and failure recovery.

OpenClaw Memory Design: From File-Based Memory to Scalable Retrieval

A practical analysis of OpenClaw Memory's file-based design, retrieval architecture, isolation model, extension points, tradeoffs, and production practices.

OpenClaw Tools Permissions: Why Chat Works but Exec and Web Do Not

After an OpenClaw upgrade or fresh install, chat may work while shell execution and web access fail. This post explains the Tools permission model, exec security policy, and a practical troubleshooting path.

Prompt Cost Optimization: When to Write Long and When to Write Short

Detailed prompts are not always cheaper. This post examines token pricing, context decay, and human effort to provide a measurable way to decide when prompts should be long or short.

Prompt Engineering: From Core Principles to Frontier Practice

A practical guide to prompt engineering, covering KERNEL design principles, few-shot and Chain-of-Thought prompting, promptfoo evaluation, DSPy automation, and prompt injection defense.